Subarray with 0 sum

Last Updated : 14 Oct, 2023

Given an array of positive and negative numbers, the task is to find if there is a subarray (of size at least one) with 0 sum.

Examples:

Input: {4, 2, -3, 1, 6}
Output: true
Explanation:
There is a subarray with zero sum from index 1 to 3.

Input: {4, 2, 0, 1, 6}
Output: true
Explanation: The third element is zero. A single element is also a sub-array.

Input: {-3, 2, 3, 1, 6}
Output: false

Subarray with 0 sum using Nested loop:

Generate every subarray and calcuate the sum of each subarray. Check if subarray sum is 0 then return true. Otherwise, if no such subarray found then return false.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++

// C++ program to find if
// there is a zero sum subarray
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 
bool subArrayExists(int arr[], int n)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
       
        // starting point of the sub arrray and
        // sum is initialized with first element of subarray
        // a[i]
        int sum = arr[i];
        if (sum == 0)
            return true;
        for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {
           
            // we are finding the sum till jth index
            // starting from ith index
            sum += arr[j];
            if (sum == 0)
                return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}
 
// Driver's code
int main()
{
    int arr[] = { -3, 2, 3, 1, 6 };
    int N = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
 
    // Function call
    if (subArrayExists(arr, N))
        cout << "Found a subarray with 0 sum";
    else
        cout << "No Such Sub Array Exists!";
    return 0;
}
 
// This code is contributed by Tapesh(tapeshdua420)

Java

// Java program to find if
// there is a zero sum subarray
import java.util.Arrays;
 
public class Main {
 
public static boolean subArrayExists(int arr[], int n)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        int sum = arr[i];
        if (sum == 0)
            return true;
        for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {
            sum += arr[j];
            if (sum == 0)
                return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}
 
// Driver's code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
    int arr[] = { -3, 2, 3, 1, 6 };
    int N = arr.length;
 
    // Function call
    if (subArrayExists(arr, N))
        System.out.println("Found a subarray with 0 sum");
    else
        System.out.println("No Such Sub Array Exists!");
 
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by Utkarsh Kumar

Python3

def subArrayExists(arr, n):
    for i in range(n):
        # Starting point of the subarray and
        # sum is initialized with the first element of subarray
        sum = arr[i]
        if sum == 0:
            return True
        for j in range(i + 1, n):
            # We are finding the sum till the jth index
            # starting from the ith index
            sum += arr[j]
            if sum == 0:
                return True
    return False
 
# Driver's code
if __name__ == "__main__":
    arr = [-3, 2, 3, 1, 6]
    N = len(arr)
 
    # Function call
    if subArrayExists(arr, N):
        print("Found a subarray with 0 sum")
    else:
        print("No Such Sub Array Exists!")

C#

// C# program to find if
// there is a zero sum subarray
using System;
 
public class GFG {
 
public static bool subArrayExists(int[] arr, int n)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        int sum = arr[i];
        if (sum == 0)
            return true;
        for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {
            sum += arr[j];
            if (sum == 0)
                return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}
 
// Driver's code
public static void Main()
{
    int[] arr = { -3, 2, 3, 1, 6 };
    int N = arr.Length;
 
    // Function call
    if (subArrayExists(arr, N))
        Console.WriteLine("Found a subarray with 0 sum");
    else
        Console.WriteLine("No Such Sub Array Exists!");
 
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by Pushpesh Raj

Javascript

function subArrayExists(arr) {
    const n = arr.length;
 
    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        // Starting point of the subarray, and the sum is initialized with the first element of the subarray.
        let sum = arr[i];
 
        if (sum === 0)
            return true;
 
        for (let j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {
            // We are finding the sum until the jth index starting from the ith index.
            sum += arr[j];
 
            if (sum === 0)
                return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}
 
const arr = [-3, 2, 3, 1, 6];
// Function call
if (subArrayExists(arr))
    console.log("Found a subarray with 0 sum");
else
    console.log("No such subarray exists!");

Output

No Such Sub Array Exists!

Time Complexity: O(N²)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)

Subarray with 0 sum using Hashing:

The idea is to iterate through the array and for every element arr[i], calculate the sum of elements from 0 to i (this can simply be done as sum += arr[i]). If the current sum has been seen before, then there must be a zero-sum subarray. Hashing is used to store the sum values so that sum can be stored quickly and find out whether the current sum is seen before or not.

Follow the given steps to solve the problem:

Declare a variable sum, to store the sum of prefix elements
Traverse the array and at each index, add the element into the sum and check if this sum exists earlier. If the sum exists, then return true
Also, insert every prefix sum into a map, so that later on it can be found whether the current sum is seen before or not
At the end return false, as no such subarray is found

Illustration:

arr[] = {1, 4, -2, -2, 5, -4, 3}

Consider all prefix sums, one can notice that there is a subarray with 0 sum when :

Either a prefix sum repeats

Or, prefix sum becomes 0.

Prefix sums for above array are: 1, 5, 3, 1, 6, 2, 5
Since prefix sum 1 repeats, we have a subarray with 0 sum.

Below is the Implementation of the above approach:

C++

// C++ program to find if
// there is a zero sum subarray
 
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
bool subArrayExists(int arr[], int N)
{
    unordered_set<int> sumSet;
 
    // Traverse through array
    // and store prefix sums
    int sum = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
        sum += arr[i];
 
        // If prefix sum is 0 or
        // it is already present
        if (sum == 0 || sumSet.find(sum) != sumSet.end())
            return true;
 
        sumSet.insert(sum);
    }
    return false;
}
 
// Driver's code
int main()
{
    int arr[] = {-3, 2, 3, 1, 6};
    int N = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
 
    // Function call
    if (subArrayExists(arr, N))
        cout << "Found a subarray with 0 sum";
    else
        cout << "No Such Sub Array Exists!";
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java program to find
// if there is a zero sum subarray
 
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
 
class ZeroSumSubarray {
   
    // Returns true if arr[]
    // has a subarray with sero sum
    static Boolean subArrayExists(int arr[])
    {
        // Creates an empty hashset hs
        Set<Integer> hs = new HashSet<Integer>();
 
        // Initialize sum of elements
        int sum = 0;
 
        // Traverse through the given array
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
            // Add current element to sum
            sum += arr[i];
 
            // Return true in following cases
            // a) Current element is 0
            // b) sum of elements from 0 to i is 0
            // c) sum is already present in hash set
            if (arr[i] == 0 || sum == 0 || hs.contains(sum))
                return true;
 
            // Add sum to hash set
            hs.add(sum);
        }
 
        // We reach here only when there is
        // no subarray with 0 sum
        return false;
    }
 
    // Driver's code
    public static void main(String arg[])
    {
        int arr[] = {-3, 2, 3, 1, 6};
 
        // Function call
        if (subArrayExists(arr))
            System.out.println(
                "Found a subarray with 0 sum");
        else
            System.out.println("No Such Sub Array Exists!");
    }
}

Python3

# python3 program to find if
# there is a zero sum subarray
 
 
def subArrayExists(arr, N):
    # traverse through array
    # and store prefix sums
    n_sum = 0
    s = set()
 
    for i in range(N):
        n_sum += arr[i]
 
        # If prefix sum is 0 or
        # it is already present
        if n_sum == 0 or n_sum in s:
            return True
        s.add(n_sum)
 
    return False
 
 
# Driver's code
if __name__ == '__main__':
    arr = [-3, 2, 3, 1, 6]
    N = len(arr)
 
    # Function call
    if subArrayExists(arr, N) == True:
        print("Found a subarray with 0 sum")
    else:
        print("No Such sub array exits!")
 
# This code is contributed by Shrikant13

C#

// C# program to find if there
// is a zero sum subarray
 
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
 
class GFG {
 
    // Returns true if arr[] has
    // a subarray with sero sum
    static bool SubArrayExists(int[] arr)
    {
        // Creates an empty HashSet hM
        HashSet<int> hs = new HashSet<int>();
        // Initialize sum of elements
        int sum = 0;
 
        // Traverse through the given array
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) {
            // Add current element to sum
            sum += arr[i];
 
            // Return true in following cases
            // a) Current element is 0
            // b) sum of elements from 0 to i is 0
            // c) sum is already present in hash set
            if (arr[i] == 0 || sum == 0 || hs.Contains(sum))
                return true;
 
            // Add sum to hash set
            hs.Add(sum);
        }
 
        // Reach here only when there is
        // no subarray with 0 sum
        return false;
    }
 
    // Driver's code
    public static void Main()
    {
        int[] arr = {-3, 2, 3, 1, 6};
 
        // Function call
        if (SubArrayExists(arr))
            Console.WriteLine(
                "Found a subarray with 0 sum");
        else
            Console.WriteLine("No Such Sub Array Exists!");
    }
}

Javascript

// A Javascript program to
//  find if there is a zero sum subarray
 
const subArrayExists = (arr) => {
    const sumSet = new Set();
 
    // Traverse through array 
    // and store prefix sums
    let sum = 0;
    for (let i = 0 ; i < arr.length ; i++)
    {
        sum += arr[i];
 
        // If prefix sum is 0 
        // or it is already present
        if (sum === 0 || sumSet.has(sum))
            return true;
 
        sumSet.add(sum);
    }
    return false;
}
 
// Driver code
 
const arr =  [-3, 2, 3, 1, 6];
if (subArrayExists(arr))
    console.log("Found a subarray with 0 sum");
else
    console.log("No Such Sub Array Exists!");

Output

No Such Sub Array Exists!

Time Complexity: O(N) under the assumption that a good hashing function is used, that allows insertion and retrieval operations in O(1) time.
Auxiliary Space: O(N) Here extra space is required for hashing

Suggest improvement

Maximum subarray size, such that all subarrays of that size have sum less than k

Introduction to Circular Linked List

Share your thoughts in the comments

Subarray with 0 sum

Subarray with 0 sum using Nested loop:

C++

Java

Python3

C#

Javascript

Subarray with 0 sum using Hashing:

C++

Java

Python3

C#

Javascript

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