CBSE Class 11 Statistics for Economics Notes

Economic statistics is a topic in applied statistics that concerns the collection, organization, and presentation of data. GeeksforGeeks Class 11 Statistics for Economics Notes have been designed according to the CBSE Syllabus for Class 11. These revision notes consist of detailed Chapterwise important topics and concepts. Here, the learners can get easy access to the Chapterwise notes from the below-mentioned quick links. The notes contain 10 chapters covering every important topic, like Collection of Data, Organization of Data, Diagrammatic Presentation of Data, Mean, Median, Mode, Standard Deviation, Mean Deviation, and many more. 

Chapter 1: Concept of Economics and Significance of Statistics in Economics

The first chapter of Class 11 Statistics for Economics is Concept of Economics and Significance of Statistics in Economics. The notes of this chapter contain the meaning of statistics in the plural and singular sense. Other important topics of this chapter are Functions, Importance and Limitations of Statistics. 

• Introduction to Statistics for Economics 

Chapter 2: Collection of Data

The second chapter of Class 11th Statistics for Economics is the Collection of Data. The notes of this chapter explain in detail how to collect data for further use and the different internal and external sources through which one can collect data. The important topics of this chapter contain Questionnaires, Qualities of a Good Questionnaire, Census Method of Collecting Data, Sampling Method, Statistical Errors, and many more. The notes explain the merits, demerits, and suitability of each of the Sources of Collecting Data.

• What is Data Collection? | Methods of Collecting Data
• Sources of Data Collection | Primary and Secondary Sources
• Direct Personal Investigation: Meaning, Suitability, Merits, Demerits and Precautions
• Indirect Oral Investigation: Meaning, Suitability, Merits, Demerits and Precautions
• Difference between Direct Personal Investigation and Indirect Oral Investigation
• Information from Local Source or Correspondents: Meaning, Suitability, Merits, and Demerits
• Questionnaires and Schedules Method of Data Collection
• Difference between Questionnaire and Schedule
• Qualities of a Good Questionnaire and types of Questions
• What are the Published Sources of Collecting Secondary Data?
• What Precautions should be taken before using Secondary Data?
• Two Important Sources of Secondary Data: Census of India and Reports & Publications of NSSO
• What is National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO)?
• What is Census Method of Collecting Data?
• Sample Method of Collection of Data
• Methods of Sampling
• Father of Indian Census
• What makes a Sampling Data Reliable?
• Difference between Census Method and Sampling Method of Collecting Data
• What are Statistical Errors?

Chapter 3: Organisation of Data

Once the data is collected by the investigator, it needs to be properly organised for a better result. The third chapter of Class 11th Statistics for Economics is Organisation of Data, which covers important topics, like Classification of Data, Basis of Classification of Data, Statistical Series, Frequency Distribution, and Different Types of Frequency Distribution. Frequency Distribution is an important concept for a better understanding of further chapters.

• Organization of Data
• Objectives and Characteristics of Classification of Data
• Basis of Classification of Data 
• Concept of Variable and Raw Data
• Types of Statistical Series
• Difference between Frequency Array and Frequency Distribution
• Types of Frequency Distribution

Chapter 4: Presentation of Data: Textual and Tabular

The collected and organised data is then presented in either textual, tabular, or diagrammatic form. The fourth chapter of Statistics for Economics covers the textual and tabular presentation of data. The notes explain the meaning, suitability, and drawbacks of textual presentation of data in detail, along with the tabular presentation and classification of data under tabular presentation. 

• Textual Presentation of Data: Meaning, Suitability, and Drawbacks
• Tabular Presentation of Data: Meaning, Objectives, Features and Merits
• Different Types of Tables
• Classification and Tabulation of Data

Chapter 5: Diagrammatic Presentation of Data

The fifth chapter of Class 11th Statistics for Economics is Diagrammatic Presentation of Data. It explains in detail how an investigator can present the collected and organised data in the form of diagrams, like Pie Diagram, Bar Diagram, Histogram, Polygon, Ogive, and Arithmetic Line-Graph or Time-Series Graph. The notes consist of how to prepare these diagrams, along with an example for a better understanding of the topic. 

• Diagrammatic Presentation of Data: Meaning , Features, Guidelines, Advantages and Disadvantages
• Types of Diagrams
• Bar Graph | Meaning, Types, and Examples
• Pie Diagrams | Meaning, Example and Steps to Construct
• Histogram | Meaning, Example, Types and Steps to Draw
• Frequency Polygon | Meaning, Steps to Draw and Examples
• Ogive (Cumulative Frequency Curve) and its Types
• What is Arithmetic Line-Graph or Time-Series Graph?
• Diagrammatic and Graphic Presentation of Data

Chapter 6: Measures of Central Tendency: Arithmetic Mean

The sixth chapter of Class 11 Statistics for Economics is Measures of Central Tendency: Arithmetic Mean. The mean is the average of the given data set in either of the three series: individual, discrete and continuous. The notes of this chapter consist of Meaning, Types, Merits, and Demerits of Arithmetic Mean with an example for a better understanding. It also covers Simple Arithmetic Mean, Arithmetic Mean in Special Cases and Weighted Arithmetic Mean. 

• Measures of Central Tendency 
• Arithmetic Mean: Meaning, Example, Types, Merits, and Demerits
• What is Simple Arithmetic Mean?
• Calculation of Mean in Individual Series | Formula of Mean
• Calculation of Mean in Discrete Series | Formula of Mean
• Calculation of Mean in Continuous Series | Formula of Mean
• Calculation of Arithmetic Mean in Special Cases
• Weighted Arithmetic Mean

Chapter 7: Measures of Central Tendency: Median and Mode

The next chapter of Class 11 Statistics for Economics also talks about Measures of Central Tendency. However, it covers Median and Mode. The notes of the seventh chapter consist of Meaning, Formula, Example, Merits, and Demerits of Median and Mode. Other important topics of this chapter are Graphical determination of Median, Partition Value, Graphic Method of Locating Mode, Relationship between Mean, Median and Mode. 

• Median(Measures of Central Tendency): Meaning, Formula, Merits, Demerits, and Examples
• Calculation of Median for Different Types of Statistical Series
• Calculation of Median in Individual Series | Formula of Median
• Calculation of Median in Discrete Series | Formula of Median
• Calculation of Median in Continuous Series | Formula of Median
• Graphical Determination of Median
• Mode: Meaning, Formula, Merits, Demerits, and Examples
• Calculation of Mode in Individual Series | Formula of Mode
• Calculation of Mode in Discrete Series | Formula of Mode
• Grouping Method of Calculating Mode in Discrete Series | Formula of Mode
• Calculation of Mode in Continuous Series | Formula of Mode
• Calculation of Mode in Special Cases
• Calculation of Mode by Graphical Method
• Mean, Median and Mode| Comparison, Relationship and Calculation

Chapter 8: Measures of Dispersion

The eighth chapter of Class 11 Statistics for Economics is Measures of Dispersion. The important topics under the notes of this chapter consist of Absolute and Relative Measures of Dispersion, Range, Quartile Deviation, Inter Quartile Range, Mean Deviation, Standard Deviation, Variance and Lorenz Curve. The notes explain each of the measures of dispersion in detail with their merits, demerits, formula, example and steps to calculate the measure. 

• Measures of Dispersion | Meaning, Absolute and Relative Measures of Dispersion
• Range: Meaning, Coefficient of Range, Merits and Demerits
• Calculation of Range and Coefficient of Range
• Interquartile Range and Quartile Deviation
• Partition Value | Quartiles, Deciles and Percentiles
• Quartile Deviation and Coefficient of Quartile Deviation: Meaning, Formula, Calculation, and Examples
• Mean Deviation: Meaning, Coefficient of Mean Deviation, Merits and Demerits 
• Calculation of Mean Deviation for different types of Statistical Series
• Mean Deviation from Mean | Individual, Discrete, and Continuous Series
• Standard Deviation: Meaning, Coefficient of Standard Deviation, Merits, and Demerits
• Standard Deviation in Individual Series
• Methods of calculating Standard Deviation in Discrete Series
• Methods of calculation of Standard Deviation in frequency distribution series
• Combined Standard Deviation: Meaning, Formula, and Example
• How to calculate Variance? 
• Coefficient of Variation: Meaning, Formula and Examples
• Lorenz Curve: Meaning, Construction, and Application

Chapter 9: Correlation

Correlation is the ninth chapter of Class 11 Statistics for Economics and covers important topics, like the meaning of correlation and three methods of calculating correlation. The three methods explained in the notes are the Scattered Diagram, Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient and Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Correlation (with steps, formula, and examples). 

• Correlation: Meaning, Significance, Types and Degree of Correlation
• Methods of measurements of Correlation 
• Calculation of Correlation with Scattered Diagram
• Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient
• Calculation of Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Correlation
• Methods of Calculating Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Correlation

Chapter 10: Index Number

The last chapter of Class 11th Statistics for Economics is Index Number. The notes of this chapter consist of important topics like Index Number, Methods of Constructing Index Number, Fisher’s Method, Laspeyre’s Method, and Paasche’s Method. It also explains Consumer Price Index, Wholesale Price Index, and Inflation in detail. 

• Index Number: Meaning, Characteristics, Uses and Limitations
• Methods of Construction of Index Number
• Unweighted or Simple Index Numbers: Meaning and Methods
• Methods of calculating Weighted Index Numbers
• Fisher’s Index Number as an Ideal Method
• Fisher’s Method of calculating Weighted Index Number
• Paasche’s Method of calculating Weighted Index Number
• Laspeyre’s Method of calculating Weighted Index Number
• Laspeyre’s, Paasche’s, and Fisher’s Methods of Calculating Index Number
• Consumer Price Index (CPI) or Cost of Living Index Number: Construction of Consumer Price Index|Difficulties and Uses of Consumer Price Index
• Methods of Constructing Consumer Price Index (CPI)
• Wholesale Price Index (WPI): Meaning, Uses, Merits, and Demerits
• Index Number of Industrial Production: Meaning, Characteristics, Construction, and Example
• Inflation and Index Number

Important Formulas:

Important Formulas in Statistics for Economics