System Design Tutorial

System Design is defined as a process of creating an architecture for different components, interfaces, and modules of the system and providing corresponding data helpful in implementing such elements in systems.

System Design is the process of designing the architecture, components, and interfaces for a system so that it meets the end-user requirements. System Design for tech interviews is something that can’t be ignored! Almost every IT giant whether it be Facebook, Amazon, Google, Apple or any other asks various questions based on System Design concepts such as scalability, load-balancing, caching, etc. in the interview. This specifically designed System Design tutorial will help you to learn and master System Design concepts in the most efficient way from basics to advanced level.

Steps for approaching this system design tutorial

1. Understand the requirements: Before starting the design process, it is important to understand the requirements and constraints of the system. This includes gathering information about the problem space, performance requirements, scalability needs, and security concerns.
2. Identify the major components: Identify the major components of the system and how they interact with each other. This includes determining the relationships between different components and how they contribute to the overall functionality of the system.
3. Choose appropriate technology: Based on the requirements and components, choose the appropriate technology to implement the system. This may involve choosing hardware and software platforms, databases, programming languages, and tools.
4. Define the interface: Define the interface between different components of the system, including APIs, protocols, and data formats.
5. Design the data model: Design the data model for the system, including the schema for the database, the structure of data files, and the data flow between components.
6. Consider scalability and performance: Consider scalability and performance implications of the design, including factors such as load balancing, caching, and database optimization.
7. Test and validate the design: Validate the design by testing the system with realistic data and use cases, and make changes as needed to address any issues that arise.
8. Deploy and maintain the system: Finally, deploy the system and maintain it over time, including fixing bugs, updating components, and adding new features as needed.

It’s important to keep in mind that system design is an iterative process, and the design may change as new information is gathered and requirements evolve. Additionally, it’s important to communicate the design effectively to all stakeholders, including developers, users, and stakeholders, to ensure that the system meets their needs and expectations.

Basics of System Design

• What is System Design?
• Functional vs Non Functional Requirements
• What are the components of System Design?
• System Design Life Cycle | SDLC (Design)
• Structured Analysis and Structured Design (SA/SD)
• System Design Strategy
• Database Sharding – System Design Interview Concept
• System Design – Horizontal and Vertical Scaling
• Load Balancer in System Design
• Routing requests through Load Balancer
• Latency and Throughput in System Design
• Object-Oriented Analysis and Design
• Difference between Structured and Object-Oriented Analysis

Scalability in System Design

• What is Scalability and How to achieve it – Learn System Design
• Which Scalability approach is right for our Application? | System Design
• Primary Bottlenecks that Hurt the Scalability of an Application | System Design

Databases in Designing Systems

• Which Database to Choose while designing a system – SQL or NoSQL
• File and Database Storage Systems in System Design
• Database Replication in System Design
• Block, Object, and File Storage
• Normalization Process in DBMS
• Denormalization in Databases

High Level Design(HLD)

• What is High Level Design – Learn System Design
• Availability in System Design
• Consistency in System Design
• Reliability in System Design
• CAP Theorem
• Difference between Process and Thread
• Difference between Concurrency and Parallelism
• Load Balancer
• Consistent Hashing
• Content Delivery Network(CDN) in System Design
• Caching in System Design
• Cache Eviction Policies
• Message Queues
• Communication Protocols In System Design
• Network Protocols and Proxies in System Design
• Unified Modeling Language (UML)

Low Level Design(LLD)

• What is Low Level Design or LLD
• Data Structures and Algorithms for System Design
• Event-Driven Architecture
• Difference between Authentication and Authorization
• What is API Gateway
• What is Data Encryption?
• Design Patterns
• Code Optimization Techniques
• Unit Testing
• Integration Testing
• CI/CD: Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery
• Introduction to Modularity and Interfaces In System Design
• Data Partitioning Techniques in System Design
• Class Diagrams | UML

Testing and Quality Assurance in System Design

• Types of Software Testing
• Software Quality Assurance
• Security Testing
• Essential Security Measures in System Design

Interview Questions & Answers of System Design

• Top 10 System Design Interview Questions and Answers
• Most Commonly Asked System Design Interview Problems/Questions
• System Design – URL Shortening Service
• Design Dropbox – A System Design Interview Question
• Design Twitter – A System Design Interview Question
• System Design Netflix – A Complete Architecture
• System Design of Uber App – Uber System Architecture
• Design BookMyShow – A System Design Interview Question
• Designing Facebook Messenger | System Design Interview
• Designing Whatsapp Messenger | System Design
• Designing Instagram | System Design

Tips

• How to Crack System Design Round in Interviews?
• 5 Tips to Crack Low-Level System Design Interviews
• 5 Common System Design Concepts for Interview Preparation
• 6 Steps To Approach Object-Oriented Design Questions in Interview

Advantages of System Design

1. Better understanding of requirements: System design helps to clarify the requirements and constraints of a system, which can lead to a better understanding of the problem space.
2. Improved efficiency: By designing a system with appropriate technology and optimized data structures, system design can improve the efficiency and performance of a system.
3. Better scalability: System design can help ensure that a system is scalable and can accommodate future growth and changing requirements.
4. Improved maintainability: By defining clear interfaces and data models, system design can improve the maintainability of a system and make it easier to update and modify over time.
5. Better communication: System design helps to communicate the design of a system to stakeholders, including developers and users, which can help ensure that the system meets their needs and expectations.

Disadvantages of System Design

1. Time-consuming: The process of system design can be time-consuming, especially for large and complex systems.
2. Cost: System design can be expensive, especially if it involves significant research, prototyping, and testing.
3. Requires expertise: System design requires a significant amount of technical expertise, including knowledge of hardware, software, databases, and data structures.
4. Limited flexibility: Once a system design is complete, it can be difficult to make changes to the design, especially if the design has already been implemented and deployed.

Reference books

• “Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software” by Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, and John Vlissides
• “The Design of Everyday Things” by Don Norman
• “Systems Analysis and Design” by Alan Dennis and Barbara Haley Wixom
• “Clean Architecture: A Craftsman’s Guide to Software Structure and Design” by Robert C. Martin
• “Software Architecture in Practice” by Len Bass, Paul Clements, and Rick Kazman

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