Level order traversal line by line | Set 3 (Using One Queue)

Last Updated : 21 Dec, 2022

Given a Binary Tree, print the nodes level-wise, each level on a new line.

Example

Output:
1
2 3
4 5

We have discussed two solutions in the articles below.
Print level order traversal line by line | Set 1
Level order traversal line by line | Set 2 (Using Two Queues)
In this post, a different approach using one queue is discussed. First insert the root and a null element into the queue. This null element acts as a delimiter. Next, pop from the top of the queue and add its left and right nodes to the end of the queue and then print at the top of the queue. Continue this process till the queues become empty.

C++

/* C++ program to print levels 
line by line */
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// A Binary Tree Node
struct node
{
    struct node *left;
    int data;
    struct node *right;
};
 
// Function to do level order
// traversal line by line
void levelOrder(node *root)
{
    if (root == NULL) return;
 
    // Create an empty queue for
    // level order traversal
    queue<node *> q;
     
    // to store front element of 
    // queue.
    node *curr;
 
    // Enqueue Root and NULL node.
    q.push(root);
    q.push(NULL);
 
    while (q.size() > 1)
    {
        curr = q.front();
        q.pop();
         
        // condition to check 
        // occurrence of next 
        // level.
        if (curr == NULL)
        {
           q.push(NULL);
           cout << "\n";
        }
         
        else {
             
            // pushing left child of 
            // current node.
            if(curr->left)
            q.push(curr->left);
             
            // pushing right child of
            // current node.
            if(curr->right)
            q.push(curr->right);
             
            cout << curr->data << " ";
        }
    }
}
 
// Utility function to create a
// new tree node
node* newNode(int data)
{
    node *temp = new node;
    temp->data = data;
    temp->left = NULL;
    temp->right = NULL;
    return temp;
}
 
// Driver program to test above
// functions
int main()
{
     
    // Let us create binary tree
    // shown above
    node *root = newNode(1);
    root->left = newNode(2);
    root->right = newNode(3);
    root->left->left = newNode(4);
    root->left->right = newNode(5);
    root->right->right = newNode(6);
 
    levelOrder(root);
    return 0;
}
 
// This code is contributed by
// Nikhil Jindal.

Java

// Java program to do level order
// traversal line by line
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Queue;
 
public class GFG {
  static class Node {
    int data;
    Node left;
    Node right;
 
    Node(int data) {
      this.data = data;
      left = null;
      right = null;
    }
  }
 
  // Prints level order traversal line
  // by line using two queues.
  static void levelOrder(Node root) {
    if (root == null)
      return;
 
    Queue<Node> q = new LinkedList<>();
 
    // Pushing root node into the queue.
    q.add(root);
 
    // Pushing delimiter into the queue.
    q.add(null);
 
    // Executing loop till queue becomes
    // empty
    while (!q.isEmpty()) {
 
      Node curr = q.poll();
 
      // condition to check the
      // occurrence of next level
      if (curr == null) {
        if (!q.isEmpty()) {
          q.add(null);
          System.out.println();
        }
      } else {
        // Pushing left child current node
        if (curr.left != null)
          q.add(curr.left);
 
        // Pushing right child current node
        if (curr.right != null)
          q.add(curr.right);
 
        System.out.print(curr.data + " ");
      }
    }
  }
 
  // Driver function
  public static void main(String[] args) {
 
    Node root = new Node(1);
    root.left = new Node(2);
    root.right = new Node(3);
    root.left.left = new Node(4);
    root.left.right = new Node(5);
    root.right.right = new Node(6);
 
    levelOrder(root);
  }
}
 
// This code is Contributed by Rishabh Jindal

Python3

# Python3 program to print levels
# line by line
from collections import deque as queue
 
# A Binary Tree Node
 
 
class Node:
 
    def __init__(self, key):
 
        self.data = key
        self.left = None
        self.right = None
 
# Function to do level order
# traversal line by line
 
 
def levelOrder(root):
 
    if (root == None):
        return
 
    # Create an empty queue for
    # level order traversal
    q = queue()
 
    # To store front element of
    # queue.
    #node *curr
 
    # Enqueue Root and None node.
    q.append(root)
    q.append(None)
 
    while (len(q) > 1):
        curr = q.popleft()
        # q.pop()
 
        # Condition to check
        # occurrence of next
        # level.
        if (curr == None):
            q.append(None)
            print()
 
        else:
 
            # Pushing left child of
            # current node.
            if (curr.left):
                q.append(curr.left)
 
            # Pushing right child of
            # current node.
            if (curr.right):
                q.append(curr.right)
 
            print(curr.data, end=" ")
 
 
# Driver code
if __name__ == '__main__':
 
    # Let us create binary tree
    # shown above
    root = Node(1)
    root.left = Node(2)
    root.right = Node(3)
    root.left.left = Node(4)
    root.left.right = Node(5)
    root.right.right = Node(6)
 
    levelOrder(root)
 
# This code is contributed by mohit kumar 29

C#

// C# program to do level order
// traversal line by line
using System;
using System.Collections;
 
class GFG 
{
public class Node 
{
    public int data;
    public Node left;
    public Node right;
 
    public Node(int data) 
    {
        this.data = data;
        left = null;
        right = null;
    }
}
 
// Prints level order traversal line
// by line using two queues.
static void levelOrder(Node root) 
{
    if (root == null)
    return;
 
    Queue q = new Queue();
 
    // Pushing root node into the queue.
    q.Enqueue(root);
 
    // Pushing delimiter into the queue.
    q.Enqueue(null);
 
    // Executing loop till queue becomes
    // empty
    while (q.Count>0)
    {
 
        Node curr = (Node)q.Peek();
        q.Dequeue();
 
        // condition to check the
        // occurrence of next level
        if (curr == null) 
        {
            if (q.Count > 0)
            {
                q.Enqueue(null);
                 Console.WriteLine();
            }
        } 
        else
        {
            // Pushing left child current node
            if (curr.left != null)
            q.Enqueue(curr.left);
     
            // Pushing right child current node
            if (curr.right != null)
            q.Enqueue(curr.right);
     
            Console.Write(curr.data + " ");
        }
    }
}
 
// Driver code
static public void Main(String []args) 
{
 
    Node root = new Node(1);
    root.left = new Node(2);
    root.right = new Node(3);
    root.left.left = new Node(4);
    root.left.right = new Node(5);
    root.right.right = new Node(6);
 
    levelOrder(root);
}
}
 
// This code is Contributed by Arnab Kundu

Javascript

<script>
 
// Javascript program to do level order
// traversal line by line
class Node
{
    constructor(data)
    {
        this.data = data;
        this.left = null;
        this.right = null;
    }
}
 
// Prints level order traversal line
// by line using two queues.
function levelOrder(root)
{
    if (root == null)
      return;
  
    let q= [];
  
    // Pushing root node into the queue.
    q.push(root);
  
    // Pushing delimiter into the queue.
    q.push(null);
  
    // Executing loop till queue becomes
    // empty
    while (q.length!=0) {
  
      let curr = q.shift();
  
      // condition to check the
      // occurrence of next level
      if (curr == null) {
          if (q.length!=0) {
          q.push(null);
          document.write("<br>");
        }
      } 
      else {
        // Pushing left child current node
        if (curr.left != null)
          q.push(curr.left);
  
        // Pushing right child current node
        if (curr.right != null)
          q.push(curr.right);
  
        document.write(curr.data + " ");
      }
    }
}
 
// Driver function
let root = new Node(1);
root.left = new Node(2);
root.right = new Node(3);
root.left.left = new Node(4);
root.left.right = new Node(5);
root.right.right = new Node(6);
 
levelOrder(root);
 
 
 
// This code is contributed by patel2127
</script>

Output

1 
2 3 
4 5 6

Time Complexity: O(n)
Auxiliary Space: O(n) for queue, where n is no of nodes of binary tree

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