Program to check idempotent matrix

Last Updated : 19 Aug, 2022

Given a N * N matrix and the task is to check matrix is idempotent matrix or not.

Idempotent matrix: A matrix is said to be idempotent matrix if matrix multiplied by itself return the same matrix. The matrix M is said to be idempotent matrix if and only if M * M = M. In idempotent matrix M is a square matrix.

idempotent matrix

Examples:

Input : mat[][] = {{3, -6},
                   {1, -2}};
Output : Idempotent Matrix

Input : mat[N][N] = {{2, -2, -4},
                     {-1, 3, 4},
                     {1, -2, -3}}
Output : Idempotent Matrix.

Implementation:

C++

// Program to check given matrix 
// is idempotent matrix or not.
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#define N 3
using namespace std;
 
// Function for matrix multiplication.
void multiply(int mat[][N], int res[][N])
{
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)
        {
            res[i][j] = 0;
            for (int k = 0; k < N; k++)
                res[i][j] += mat[i][k] * mat[k][j];
        }
    }
}
 
// Function to check idempotent
// property of matrix.
bool checkIdempotent(int mat[][N])
{   
    // Calculate multiplication of matrix
    // with itself and store it into res.
    int res[N][N];
    multiply(mat, res);
 
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)    
        for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)        
            if (mat[i][j] != res[i][j])
                return false;
    return true;
}
 
// Driver function.
int main()
{
    int mat[N][N] = {{2, -2, -4},
                    {-1, 3, 4},
                    {1, -2, -3}};
     
    // checkIdempotent function call.
    if (checkIdempotent(mat))
        cout << "Idempotent Matrix";
    else
        cout << "Not Idempotent Matrix.";
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java program to check given matrix 
// is idempotent matrix or not.
import java.io.*;
 
class GFG 
{
    static int N = 3;
     
    // Function for matrix multiplication.
    static void multiply(int mat[][], int res[][])
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
        {
            for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)
            {
                res[i][j] = 0;
                for (int k = 0; k < N; k++)
                    res[i][j] += mat[i][k] * mat[k][j];
            }
        }
    }
     
    // Function to check idempotent
    // property of matrix.
    static boolean checkIdempotent(int mat[][])
    { 
        // Calculate multiplication of matrix
        // with itself and store it into res.
        int res[][] = new int[N][N];
        multiply(mat, res);
     
        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
        { 
            for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)
            {
                if (mat[i][j] != res[i][j])
                    return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }
 
    // Driver code.
    public static void main (String[] args) 
    {
        int mat[][] = {{2, -2, -4},
                       {-1, 3, 4},
                       {1, -2, -3}};
     
        // checkIdempotent function call.
        if (checkIdempotent(mat))
            System.out.println( "Idempotent Matrix");
        else
            System.out.println("Not Idempotent Matrix.");
         
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by vt_m.

Python 3

# Python Program to check given matrix 
# is idempotent matrix or not.
import math
 
# Function for matrix multiplication.
def multiply(mat, res):
 
    N= len(mat)
    for i in range(0,N):
     
        for j in range(0,N):
         
            res[i][j] = 0
            for k in range(0,N):
                res[i][j] += mat[i][k] * mat[k][j]
 
# Function to check idempotent
# property of matrix.
def checkIdempotent(mat):
 
    N= len(mat)
    # Calculate multiplication of matrix
    # with itself and store it into res.
    res =[[0]*N for i in range(0,N)]
    multiply(mat, res)
 
    for i in range(0,N):
        for j in range(0,N):     
            if (mat[i][j] != res[i][j]):
                return False
    return True
 
# driver Function
mat = [ [2, -2, -4],
        [-1, 3, 4],
        [1, -2, -3] ]
     
# checkIdempotent function call.
if (checkIdempotent(mat)):
    print("Idempotent Matrix")
else:
    print("Not Idempotent Matrix.")
 
# This code is contributed by Gitanjali.

C#

// C# program to check given matrix 
// is idempotent matrix or not.
using System;
 
class GFG 
{
    static int N = 3;
     
    // Function for matrix multiplication.
    static void multiply(int [,]mat, int [,]res)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
        {
            for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)
            {
                res[i,j] = 0;
                for (int k = 0; k < N; k++)
                    res[i,j] += mat[i,k] * mat[k,j];
            }
        }
    }
     
    // Function to check idempotent
    // property of matrix.
    static bool checkIdempotent(int [,]mat)
    { 
        // Calculate multiplication of matrix
        // with itself and store it into res.
        int [,]res = new int[N,N];
        multiply(mat, res);
     
        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
        { 
            for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)
            {
                if (mat[i,j] != res[i,j])
                    return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }
 
    // Driver code
    public static void Main () 
    {
        int [,]mat = {{2, -2, 4},
                    {-1, 3, 4},
                    {1, -2, -3}};
     
        // checkIdempotent function call.
        if (checkIdempotent(mat))
            Console.WriteLine( "Idempotent Matrix");
        else
            Console.WriteLine("Not Idempotent Matrix.");
         
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by vt_m.

Javascript

<script>
  
// Javascript program to check given matrix 
// is idempotent matrix or not.
var N = 3;
 
// Function for matrix multiplication.
function multiply(mat, res)
{
    for (var i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
        for (var j = 0; j < N; j++)
        {
            res[i][j] = 0;
            for (var k = 0; k < N; k++)
                res[i][j] += mat[i][k] * mat[k][j];
        }
    }
    return res;
}
 
// Function to check idempotent
// property of matrix.
function checkIdempotent(mat)
{ 
 
    // Calculate multiplication of matrix
    // with itself and store it into res.
    var res = Array.from(Array(N), ()=>Array(N).fill(0));
    res = multiply(mat, res);
 
    for (var i = 0; i < N; i++)
    { 
        for (var j = 0; j < N; j++)
        {
            if (mat[i][j] != res[i][j])
                return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}
 
// Driver code
var mat = [[2, -2, -4],
            [-1, 3, 4],
            [1, -2, -3]];
             
// checkIdempotent function call.
if (checkIdempotent(mat))
    document.write( "Idempotent Matrix");
else
    document.write("Not Idempotent Matrix.");
 
// This code is contributed by noob2000.
</script>

Output

Idempotent Matrix

Time Complexity: O(n³)
Auxiliary Space: O(n²), since n²extra space has been taken.

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