Program for subtraction of matrices

Last Updated : 16 Feb, 2023

The below program subtracts of two square matrices of size 4*4, we can change N for a different dimension.

Implementation:

C++

// C++ program for subtraction of matrices 
#include <bits/stdc++.h> 
using namespace std; 
#define N 4  
  
// This function subtracts B[][] from A[][], and stores  
// the result in C[][]  
void subtract(int A[][N], int B[][N], int C[][N])  
{  
    int i, j;  
    for (i = 0; i < N; i++)  
        for (j = 0; j < N; j++)  
            C[i][j] = A[i][j] - B[i][j];  
}  
  
// Driver code 
int main()  
{  
    int A[N][N] = { {1, 1, 1, 1},  
                    {2, 2, 2, 2},  
                    {3, 3, 3, 3},  
                    {4, 4, 4, 4}};  
  
    int B[N][N] = { {1, 1, 1, 1},  
                    {2, 2, 2, 2},  
                    {3, 3, 3, 3},  
                    {4, 4, 4, 4}};  
  
    int C[N][N]; // To store result  
    int i, j;  
    subtract(A, B, C);  
  
    cout << "Result matrix is " << endl;  
    for (i = 0; i < N; i++)  
    {  
        for (j = 0; j < N; j++)  
        cout << C[i][j] << " ";  
        cout << endl;  
    }  
  
    return 0;  
}  
  
// This code is contributed by rathbhupendra 

C

#include <stdio.h> 
#define N 4 
  
// This function subtracts B[][] from A[][], and stores 
// the result in C[][] 
void subtract(int A[][N], int B[][N], int C[][N]) 
{ 
    int i, j; 
    for (i = 0; i < N; i++) 
        for (j = 0; j < N; j++) 
            C[i][j] = A[i][j] - B[i][j]; 
} 
  
int main() 
{ 
    int A[N][N] = { {1, 1, 1, 1}, 
                    {2, 2, 2, 2}, 
                    {3, 3, 3, 3}, 
                    {4, 4, 4, 4}}; 
  
    int B[N][N] = { {1, 1, 1, 1}, 
                    {2, 2, 2, 2}, 
                    {3, 3, 3, 3}, 
                    {4, 4, 4, 4}}; 
  
    int C[N][N]; // To store result 
    int i, j; 
    subtract(A, B, C); 
  
    printf("Result matrix is \n"); 
    for (i = 0; i < N; i++) 
    { 
        for (j = 0; j < N; j++) 
           printf("%d ", C[i][j]); 
        printf("\n"); 
    } 
  
    return 0; 
} 

Java

// Java program for subtraction of matrices 
  
class GFG 
{ 
     static final int N=4; 
  
    // This function subtracts B[][]  
    // from A[][], and stores 
    // the result in C[][] 
    static void subtract(int A[][], int B[][], int C[][]) 
    { 
        int i, j; 
        for (i = 0; i < N; i++) 
            for (j = 0; j < N; j++) 
                C[i][j] = A[i][j] - B[i][j]; 
    } 
      
    // Driver code 
    public static void main (String[] args) 
    { 
        int A[][] = { {1, 1, 1, 1}, 
                        {2, 2, 2, 2}, 
                        {3, 3, 3, 3}, 
                        {4, 4, 4, 4}}; 
      
        int B[][] = { {1, 1, 1, 1}, 
                        {2, 2, 2, 2}, 
                        {3, 3, 3, 3}, 
                        {4, 4, 4, 4}}; 
                          
        // To store result 
        int C[][]=new int[N][N];  
  
        int i, j; 
        subtract(A, B, C); 
      
        System.out.print("Result matrix is \n"); 
        for (i = 0; i < N; i++) 
        { 
            for (j = 0; j < N; j++) 
            System.out.print(C[i][j] + " "); 
            System.out.print("\n"); 
        } 
    } 
} 
  
// This code is contributed by Anant Agarwal. 

Python3

# Python 3 program for subtraction  
# of matrices 
  
N = 4
  
# This function returns 1 
# if A[][] and B[][] are identical 
# otherwise returns 0 
def subtract(A, B, C): 
      
    for i in range(N): 
        for j in range(N): 
            C[i][j] = A[i][j] - B[i][j]  
  
# Driver Code 
A = [ [1, 1, 1, 1], 
      [2, 2, 2, 2], 
      [3, 3, 3, 3], 
      [4, 4, 4, 4]] 
  
B = [ [1, 1, 1, 1], 
      [2, 2, 2, 2], 
      [3, 3, 3, 3], 
      [4, 4, 4, 4]] 
                      
C = A[:][:] # To store result 
      
subtract(A, B, C) 
  
print("Result matrix is") 
for i in range(N): 
    for j in range(N): 
        print(C[i][j], " ", end = '') 
    print() 
      
# This code is contributed 
# by Anant Agarwal. 

C#

// C# program for subtraction of matrices  
using System; 
  
class GFG 
{ 
static int N = 4; 
  
// This function subtracts B[][]  
// from A[][], and stores  
// the result in C[][]  
public static void subtract(int[][] A,  
                            int[][] B,  
                            int[, ] C) 
{ 
    int i, j; 
    for (i = 0; i < N; i++) 
    { 
        for (j = 0; j < N; j++) 
        { 
            C[i, j] = A[i][j] - B[i][j]; 
        } 
    } 
} 
  
  
// Driver code  
public static void Main(string[] args) 
{ 
    int[][] A = new int[][] 
    { 
        new int[] {1, 1, 1, 1}, 
        new int[] {2, 2, 2, 2}, 
        new int[] {3, 3, 3, 3}, 
        new int[] {4, 4, 4, 4} 
    }; 
  
    int[][] B = new int[][] 
    { 
        new int[] {1, 1, 1, 1}, 
        new int[] {2, 2, 2, 2}, 
        new int[] {3, 3, 3, 3}, 
        new int[] {4, 4, 4, 4} 
    }; 
  
    // To store result  
  
    int[, ] C = new int[N, N]; 
  
    int i, j; 
    subtract(A, B, C); 
  
    Console.Write("Result matrix is \n"); 
    for (i = 0; i < N; i++) 
    { 
        for (j = 0; j < N; j++) 
        { 
            Console.Write(C[i, j] + " "); 
        } 
        Console.Write("\n"); 
    } 
} 
} 
  
// This code is contributed by Shrikant13 

PHP

<?php 
// This function subtracts B[][]  
// from A[][], and stores the  
// result in C[][] 
function subtract(&$A, &$B, &$C) 
{ 
    $N = 4; 
    for ($i = 0; $i < $N; $i++) 
        for ($j = 0; $j < $N; $j++) 
            $C[$i][$j] = $A[$i][$j] -  
                         $B[$i][$j]; 
} 
  
// Driver code 
$N = 4; 
$A = array(array(1, 1, 1, 1), 
           array(2, 2, 2, 2), 
           array(3, 3, 3, 3), 
           array(4, 4, 4, 4)); 
  
$B = array(array(1, 1, 1, 1), 
           array(2, 2, 2, 2), 
           array(3, 3, 3, 3), 
           array(4, 4, 4, 4)); 
  
subtract($A, $B, $C); 
  
echo "Result matrix is \n"; 
for ($i = 0; $i < $N; $i++) 
{ 
    for ($j = 0; $j < $N; $j++) 
    { 
        echo $C[$i][$j]; 
        echo " "; 
    } 
        echo "\n"; 
} 
  
// This code is contributed 
// by Shivi_Aggarwal 
?> 

Javascript

<script> 
  
// Javascript program for subtraction of matrices 
var N = 4; 
  
// This function subtracts B[][] from A[][], and stores  
// the result in C[][]  
function subtract(A, B, C)  
{  
    var i, j;  
    for (i = 0; i < N; i++)  
        for (j = 0; j < N; j++)  
            C[i][j] = A[i][j] - B[i][j];  
}  
  
// Driver code 
var A = [ [1, 1, 1, 1],  
                [2, 2, 2, 2],  
                [3, 3, 3, 3],  
                [4, 4, 4, 4]];  
var B = [ [1, 1, 1, 1],  
                [2, 2, 2, 2],  
                [3, 3, 3, 3],  
                [4, 4, 4, 4]];  
var C = Array.from(Array(N), () => Array(N)); // To store result  
var i, j;  
subtract(A, B, C);  
document.write( "Result matrix is " + "<br>");  
for (i = 0; i < N; i++)  
{  
    for (j = 0; j < N; j++)  
        document.write( C[i][j] + " ");  
    document.write("<br>");  
}  
  
// This code is contributed by itsok. 
</script>

Output

Result matrix is 
0 0 0 0 
0 0 0 0 
0 0 0 0 
0 0 0 0

Note – The number at 0th row and 0th column of first matrix gets subtracted with number at 0th row and 0th column of second matrix. And its subtraction result gets initialized as the value of 0th row and 0th column of resultant matrix. Same subtraction process applied for all the elements

The program can be extended for rectangular matrices. The following post can be useful for extending this program.
How to pass a 2D array as a parameter in C?

Time complexity: O(n²).
Auxiliary space:O(n²). since n² extra space has been taken.

Suggest improvement

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